Oil well pump



May 18,A 1937. w. F. MCMAHON 2,080,623

OIL WELL PUMP INVENTOR.

May 18, 1937. w. F. McMAHoN 2,080,623

OIL WELL PUMP Filed Aug. 12, 19:55 2 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR.

Patented May 18, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I 6 Claims.

My invention relates to oil well pumping apparatus.

An object is to provide an assemblage of fixed and/or moving parts soarranged so as to utilizeV thereof, in the oil well, that will besubjected towear and to provide a means to speedily remove and replacesaid two parts.

Another object is to provide an oil well pump` ing apparatus that willnot sand up and/or an oil well pumping apparatus in which al1` movingparts, that heretofore were subjected to sanding up, are eliminated.

A further object is to provide a new and novel means for replacing theVenturi tube and/or nozzle and Venturi orifice of a 'jet pump in an oilwell without having to pull the tubing out of the oil well, but to do soby merely pulling the macaroni.

A main object is to provide a split Venturi tube.

A main object is to utilize the combined volumes of circulating liquidused as a motive medium and the entrained liquid to reduce the upstreamflow or head from the bottom -of the pumping apparatus in the oil welltothe surface of the earth, by means of a hemispherical cupconstruction, in the oil well pumping apparatus, or its equivalent.

A further object is to-r provide, in van oil well pumping apparatusoperated by a circulating liquid, a hemispherical cu`p to induce thecirculating liquid to leave the hemispherical cup at an angle of aboutone hundred eighty degrees thereby almost ldoubling its effectivepressure in doing work.

Another object is to provide a new and useful use for a tubing catcherin an oil well pumping apparatus, which is, that of reducing the stretchof the tubing or reducing the longitudinal movement of the tubing whichmovementv would have been caused by the reaction of the circulatingliquid leaving a hemispherical cup, or its equivaient, in an oil wellpumping apparatus.

With these and other objects in View, the invention resides and consistsin the construction and novel combination and arrangement of partshereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, and pointed out in the claims hereto appended, it beingunderstood that various changes in the form, proportion, design, sizeand details of construction may be resorted to by those skilled in theart without departure from the `spirit or intent of this invention.

similiar characters of reference denote like or corresponding partsthroughout the several figures of the accompanying drawings forming a'part of this specification, and upon which;

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the oil well pumpingapparatus, showing it in an oil well, and showing the construction andnovel combination and arrangement of parts thereof.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the new improved oilwell pumping apparatus. ('I'he arrows indicate the direction of flow ofliquid therein.)

at AU-AH Fig. 3 is a transverse section of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section at B-B of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section at CC" of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section at DD" of Fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a. diagrammatic sectional view of the end of the Venturi tubeand the hemisphericai cup, showing the direction of motion of flow ofliquid from the Venturi tube and leaving the hemispherical cup.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view, in section, vof my improved split Venturitube, showing that it is formed of two truncated cones split at thesmallest diameter. This split Venturi tube is an outstanding improvementin jet pumps for oil wells.

As this improved pumping apparatus is operated by a continuouscirculated liquid used as a motive medium in connection with a splitVenturi tube to entrain iluid from oil deposits in the earth and toraise the entrained uid thence to the surface of the earth, I will firstdescribe the mode of operation, which is as follows;

A surface pump 1, adapted to create a pressure upon a iluid or liquid,is provided to draw liquid out of a tank on the surface of the earth,through pipe 8 and to discharge this liquid under pressure through pipe9 into the macaroni tubing l0. (The said tank is not illustrated.) Thispump 'I will be driven or operated by means deriving its energy fromsome external source.

This liquid being circulated by surface pump 1, under pressure will movethrough macaroni tubing I0 into the upstream half I of the split Venturitube 6, hence into the downward' or downstream half 2 of the said splitVenturi tube 6, where it is jetted, together with the fluid entrained,onto the hemispherical cup II located in chamber I2 of pump body I3.

The velocity of the-falling liquid, being circulated by the surface pump1, through the smallest inside diameters 3 and 4 respectively of both Ihalves I and 2 of the Venturi tube 6 will be of such velocity that samewill equal or be greater than the velocity that would be caused by thehead of liquid above or on the vdownstream side of the split Venturitube 6, which column of liquid would, in this case, be that formed inthe annular passageway I4 between the outside of the macaroni tubing I0and the inside diameter I5 of the tubing I6. This velocity ofcirculating liquid creates a dynamic energy in split Venturi tube 6 andthereby entrains into the pumping apparatus through passageway I9 ofchamber I1 in the pump body I3. In the downstream half 2 of the splitVenturi tube 6, the entrained fluid combines with the circulating liquidand forms a new volume of fluid which is discharged or jettedy intochamber I2 and whose direction of motion is guided by the shape of thehemispherical cup II and said new volume leaves said hemispherical cupII at an angle of 180 degrees from that direction of motion that it leftthe split Venturi tube 6.

A check valve I8 is incorporated in chamber I1 of the pump body I3 topermit fluid to enter into said chamber I 1 through passageway I9, andto prevent fluid to leave the chamber I1 of the pump body I3. This checkvalve may be eliminated if desired and the pumping apparatus willfunction equally as well. i

From chamber I2 the now combined volume of circulating liquid and thefluid from the oil deposit and entrained into the pumping apparatus,ilows in an upward direction to the surface of the earth 20 throughannular passageway I4, hence to discharge pipe 2I to a surface tank (notillustrated).

I am enabled to use the same volume of circulating liquid as a motivemedium over and over again whilel the volume of fluid entrained from theoil deposits 22 will be surplus relative to the volume of circulatingliquid.

The velocity of liquid through the split Venturi tube 6 will be suchthat vacuum is created in chamber I1 of pump body I3, and uid is thusentrained from the oil deposits.

The velocity of liquid through the split Venturi tube 6 will be thatvelocity caused by the pressure head created on the liquid by thesurface pump 1 plus the static head or distance` from the surface of theearth 23 to the pump body I3, the total head being the said pressurehead plus the said static head. With my new constructed split Venturitube 6 the volume of circulated liquid passing therethrough will be thatvolume identically due to the said total head relative to the size oforiiice 24 at the end portion 3 of the upstream cone half I of Venturitube 6. In other words the total liquid discharged from theupstream halfI of the Venturi tube 6 will be practically unaffected by the column ofliquid on the downstream side of the Venturi tube 6, in so far as thevelocity of liquid therethrough is concerned relative to the said totalhead on the upstream side of the Venturi tube 6.

'Ihis highly important result is due to my novel and new constructedsplit Venturi tube 6 as applied to deep oil wells. It is this particularconstruction that it is mainly my desire to cover as new in the art asapplied to deep oil wells and this construction is: a Venturi tube 6split and parted at the smallest diameter portion of two truncated conesI and 2. The smallest inside diameter 3 of the upstream cone portion Iand the smallest inside diameter 4 of the downstream cone portion 2 areapproximately the same, the difference in diameters, if any, being lessthan one-sixteenth of an inch and the width of the split 5 between thecones I and 2 being about or less than three-sixteenths of an inch. Thisnew construction is more clearly shown by reference to Fig. 8 of theaccompanying drawings. In other words, what I claim as new in the art isa Venturi tube formed of two truncated cones and split or parted attheir smallest inside diameters as shown in Fig. 8 of the accompanyingdrawings. 'It should be noted that the proportions of the both truncatedcones l and 2 of the Venturi tube 6 are approximately the same.Therefore I have eliminated the well known nozzle construction in thisoil well pumping apparatus, and have solely aI split Venturi tube 6. Atypical nozzle construction was disclosed in my U. S. Letters Patent No.1,801,520, led July 26th, l928, while a Venturi tube was disclosed in myU. S. Letters Patent No. 1,992,436 led June 23, 1932.

Threaded engagement 25 of cone I with the pump body I3 and threadedengagement 26 of cone 2 with the same pump body I3 provides a means forimparting relative longitudinal movement of one cone to the other cone.`

The ratio of liquid circulated to uid raised or entrained will be abouttwo or more volumes to one. The volume of liquid entrained will vary inproportion in accordance with the variation of the pressure exerted ontheliquid by the surface pump 1.

Referring again to the construction of my split Venturi tube 6 it may bewell to state that by referring to Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawingsit is shown that I have merely taken a Venturi tube and sawed it inhalf, by a hacksaw three.- sixteenths of an inch or less wide, on thedownstream side of the smallest inside diameter of the Venturi tubethereby forming two parted truncated cones I and 2, proving I haveprovided solely a split or parted Venturi tube, which construction isnew in the art.

As these two truncatedconesll and 2 are about the only parts subjectedto wear and to save labor in replacing them, I have provided means ofwithdrawing them without dismantling the tubing I6 or in other words,without having to pull the tubing I6.

In assembling the pumping apparatus in an oil well for operation, theshoe 21, which comprises of a tapered seat 28, is secured to tubing ISby threaded engagement 29. Then the tubing I6 is lowered into the oilwell 30, which has a casing 3I, to some point 32 in the oil deposit 22.This tubing I6 will be then secured to the casing head 33 which issecured on the casing 3|.

The pump body I3, in which the two truncated cones I and 2 are securedagainst longitudinal movement, has on its upper end portion 34 anoutward disposed tapered formation 35 adapted to take the seat 28 of theshoe 21 on the tubing I6.

This pump body I3 is then secured onto the inner tubing or macaroni I I)and lowered with the macaroni I0 directly through the tubing I Ii` untilthe tapered formation 35 seats on thev seat 28 of the shoe 21 of thetubing I6. This macaroni tubing I will extend through the casing head 33by means of a stuffing box and gland 36. This macaroni tubing I0 is thenconnected up with the surface pump 1 by piping 9. A tubing catcher, ofany well known commercial make, may be attached to tubing I6 to haveengagement with the casing 3l so as to eliminate longitudinal movementof the tubing I6 when the liquid is being circulated through the tubingI6 andpump body I3. This is a new use for a tubing catcher 31 with thiscombination of elements.

From the above description it is seen that two continuous columns ofiiuid are formed by the macaroni tubing Ill and the inside diameter I5of tubing I6. An annular passageway 38 is formed between the tubingv I6and the casing 3l. It is in this annular passageway 38 that gas from theoil deposits 22 can escape therefrom to and through gas escape pipe-39.

The pump body I3 will contain an upper chamber I1 and a lower chamberI2. Longitudinal passageways extend from the upper end portion 34 to thelower chamber I2. Upstream truncated cone I and downstream truncatedcone 2 are located in a central position in the body I3 and in alignmentwith the macaroni tubing I0. Said cones I and 2 have threadedengagements 25 and 26 respectively with the pump body I3. y The upperend portion 34 of body I3 will be of such diameter that the same can bemoved through tubing I 6 This upper portion 34 will have an outwardlydisposed taper formation 35 adapted to seat on the shoe 21. An inletpassageway I9 in the side wall of the body I3 permits iiuid to enterinto chamber I1 from the oil deposit. A check valve I8 is provided inthis passageway I9. The liquid circulated through cones I and 2 createsa vacuum in this upper chamber I1 and entrains iiuid `from the deposit22 therein. Therefore the circulating liquid and the iiuid entrainedfrom the oil deposits combines in the upstream cone 2' and is dischargedtherefrom onto the hemispherical cup I I in the lower chamber I2 of pumpbody I3.

This hemispherical cup is one of my new and novel features. It isprovided to induce the stream leaving the cone 2 to leave thishemispherical cup I I at an angle of about one hundred eighty degrees.(See Fig. l of the accompanying drawings.) The inducing of the volume ofthe combined circulating liquid and fluid entrained to leave thehemispherical cup at an angle of l one hundred eighty degrees creates anew and useful result of doubling the hydrostatic pressure of thisvolume. 'This is ahighlyimpertant de-V tail when one considers a liquidfalling some six thousand feet and having its hydrostatic pressuredoubled.

In other words, the pressure of the stream leaving the cup Il is twiceas great as when or if the said stream strikes a fiat plate at rightangles to the direction of its motion. This is proven by the fact that,the impact of the stream, leaving the`cone 2, produces a pressureon thesurface 4I that would tend to move it were it not secured againstlongitudinal movement. On leaving the cone 2, the momentum of the massof liquid is equal to that mass multiplied by. its velocity in feet persecond; but on leaving the smooth surface 4I of the hemispherical cupII, the velocity component in* the direction of the cone 2 is velocityin feet per second multiplied by the cosine of the angle -at which thestream y fore the mass multiplied by the velocity of the stream,multiplied by the cosine of the angle of the departure from the surface4I.

A change of momentum takes place and this is caused by the reaction ofthe surface 4I against the cone 2 in the direction of the said cone 2.Therefore as the angle of departure of a stream from a plane at rightangles to it would be ninety degrees (the cosine of degrees being 0) andas the angle ofdeparture of the stream from the hemispherical cup II isone hundred eighty degrees (the cosine of degrees being l), it sufficesto say that the pressure on Vthe hemispherical cup II or its reactiontherefrom is twice as great aswhen the stream, from cone 2, strikes afiat plate at right angles to the direction of its motion. Thishemispherical cup I I with the stream of iiuid jetting from the splitVenturi tube 6 on to it is therestream side 2 of the split Venturi tube6, resulting in considerably less horsepower necessary tooperate thesurface pump 1.

To take advantage of this said reaction o-f the stream jetting from cone2 onto cup II, I have provided a tubing-catcher 31 to prevent thisreaction from merely stretching -the tubing I6. The tubing catcher 31will grip the walls of casing 3I and prevent the tubing I6 from movingin a downward longitudinal direction.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention tothe exact details of construction herein shown and described for obviousmodifications may appear to those skilled in the art, and thisimprovement may be applied to other mechanisms and uses and used toequal-A ly good advantage.

With my new split Venturi tube 6 and hemi- I0, to raise uids fromdeposits in the earth 22 to the surface of the earth 23, in other words,by reversing the direction of flow of liquid through the apparatus fromthat previously described.

It is also within my knowledge that the two truncated cones I and 2 canbe secured directly onto macaroni tubing I0 and may be withdrawn forreplacement without the necessityof pulling the tubing I6 or the pullingof pump body I3 which in this case would be directly secured by threadedengagement onto the tubing I5 and the disclosed valve` and seat 345 and28 respectively would in that case be eliminated. While in my UnitedStates Lettersv Patent No. 1,779,483 filed April 23, 1926, I utilizea'hemispherical cup I5 Having thus described my invention,'what 'I'claim is:

1. In an oil well pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from oildeposits in the earth and 40 Vspherical cup I I it is obvious that, ifdesired, the

stream truncated cone portion, both said truncated cones being spacedapart and opposed to each other and having approximately the same insidediameter at their adjacent constricted end portions and connected withone of the said concentric conduits, an inlet passageway leading fromthe oil deposits to the space between the two truncated cones, saidsplit Venturi tube connectedl to and in central alignment with the saidconcentricconduits and adapted to increase the .velocity of the fullvolume of the moving column of liquid to entrain fluid from the oildeposits into the said inlet passageway and continuous column of liquid,said removable seated connection adapted to permit the withdrawal of thesaid body together with the split Venturi tube'from the oil Well withouthaving to remove the outer of the said concentric conduits.

2. In an oil well, a pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from an oildeposit in the earth and comprising connected concentric conduitsadapted to form a continuous column of liquid extending from the surfaceof the earth to the oil deposits in the earth and back to the surface ofthe earth, means for imparting movement to the said continuous column ofliquid, said concentric conduits comprising of an outer tubing and amacaroni tubing within the outer tubing, a single split Venturi tubebeing parted at right angles to its axis at its smallest inside diameterforming an upstream truncated cone portion and a downstream truncatedcone portion, both said truncated cones being spaced apart and opposedtol each other and having approximately the same inside diameter attheir adjacent constricted end portions, an inlet passageway leadingfrom the oil deposit into the space between the two truncated cones,said truncated cones connected to and in central alignment with the saidconcentric conduits and adapted to increase the velocity of the fullvolume of moving column of liquid to entrain iluid from the oil depositinto the said inlet passageway and column vof liquid, means adapted topermit the withdrawal of the split Venturi tube together with themacaroni tubing without moving the said outer tubing in the oil well.

3. In an oil Well containing an oil deposit, a pumping apparatuscomprising a pump body, concentric tubes and a mechanical pump derivingits energy from some external source for the purpose of moving acontinuous column of liquid through said pump body and concentric tubesproducing a liquid stream, said pump body connectcd with said concentrictubes being removably seated relative to the outer of the saidconcentric tubes and comprising a hemispherical surface in its lower endportion, a Venturi tube having communication with the oil deposit andadapted for changing the hydrostatic head of said liquid stream into avelocity head greater than that velocity head due to the distance fromthe surface of the-earth to the oil depositin the oil well to raiseiiuid into said body, means for changing the pressure of the hydrostatichead of the moving column of liquid to an increased pressure by a changeof momentum caused by the reaction of the hemispherical surface, in thesaid body, against the ilow of the liquid stream by providing an angleof departure of the liquid stream from the hemlspherical surface at anangle of one hundred eighty degrees said removably seated means adaptedto permit the withdrawal of the said pump body from the oil well withoutremoving the outer of the said concentric tubes,

4. In an oil well pumping apparatus having concentric tubes and adaptedto be operated by a circulating liquid for raising fluid from depositsin the earth, a pump body, a hemispherical cup in said pump body. a.split Venturi tube in said pump body, said pump body comprising ahemispherical cup and being removably seated with the outer of the saidconcentric tubes and having a continuous U tube passageway connectedthrough the concentric tubes leading from said pump body to the surfaceof the earth, a mechanical pumping means for moving the circulatingliquid through said concentric tubes and pump body, in cooperation withthe split Venturi tube, to raise 'fluid from deposits in the earth, saidmeans operatedby energy derived from some external source and energyderived from the use of the hemispherical cup forming the bottom of thesaid U tube passageway in the pump body, said split Venturi tube beingparted at right angles to its axis at its smallest inside diameterforming an upstream truncated cone portion and a downstream truncatedcone portion, the both said truncated cones being spaced apart andopposed to each other and having approximately the same inside diameterat their adjacent constricted end portions and connected with the saidpump body4 the downstream truncated cone, said removable seatedconstruction adapted to permit the withdrawal of the split Venturi tubeand said pump body from the oil well without having to withdraw theouter of the said concentric tubes.

5. In an oil well pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from an oilwell into the pumping apparatus and adapted to be operated by acontinuous circulating liquid; a, mechanical pumping means for impartinga movement and pressure to the continuous circulating liquid; a pumpbody connected concentric conduits adapted to form a continuouspassageway for the circulating liquid and connected vto the said meansand the said pump body removably seated in a seat connected with theouter of the said concentric conduits; said pump body comprising of asplit Venturi tube adapted to receive the full volume of the circulatingliquid and located centrally therein in alignment with the concentricconduits, an upper chamber having access with the uid in the oil well, alower enclosed chamber having a hemispherical cup therein, longitudinalpassageways connected with the concentric conduits and extending fromthe upper portion of the pump body to the lower chamber; said splitVenturi tube being parted at right angles to its axis at its smallestinside diameter forming an upstream truncated cone portion and adownstream truncated cone portion, both said truncated cones beingspaced apart in the upper chamber and being opposed to each other andhaving approximately the same inside diameter at their adjacentconstricted end portions, the downstream truncated cone portionextending into the lower' chamber and adapted to discharge thecirculating liquid and uid onto the said hemispherical cup, means forcreating a vacuum in the upper chamber by the increased velocity of thefull volume of the circulating liquid through the constricted endportions of the opposed truncated cones to entrain uid into thedownstream truncated cone and circulating liquid and to raise said fluidto the surface of the earth, means for taking oi the entrained fluid asthe liquid circulated increases in Volume, said removable seatedconstruction adapted to permit the withdrawal of the split Venturi tubefrom the oil well without vremoving the outer of the said concentricconduits.

6. In an oil well pumping apparatus for entraining fluid from depositsin the earth and corn- 'prising connected concentric conduits adapted toform a continuous column of liquid extending from the surface of theearth to the oil deposits in the earth and back to the surface of theearth,

a mechanical pumping means for imparting a movement to the said columnof liquid, said movement of liquid in the vicinity of the oil depositsaccelerated by a total head of liquid comprising of the pressure headcreated by the said means and the hydrostatic head caused by the saidcirculating liquid falling from the surface of the earth through thedistance to the vicinity of the oil deposits, a pump body removablyconnected with the outer of the said concentric conduits and containingan inlet passageway with the oil deposit and comprising a. hemisphericalsurface and a split Venturi tube adapted to utilize the velocity of thefull Volume of the circulating liquid caused by the said total head andto create thereby a vacuum to raise uid from the oildeposits into thesaid circulating liquid, the rst named means operated by energy derivedfrom some external source and the energy created by means providing anangle of departure of the circulating liquid from one conduit into theother conduit at 'about one hundred eighty degrees or the like from saidhemispherical surface, and means for taking oi the entrained fluid fromthe circulating liquid as the circulating liquid increases in volume,the inner of the said concentric conduits adapted to withdraw the saidpump body from the oil well without removing the outer of the saidconcentric conduits.

FREDERICK MCMAHON.

